oliver goldsmith

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<p><span class="w">Γκόλντσμιθ</span>, <span class="w">Όλιβερ</span>(<span class="w">Oliver</span> <span class="w">Goldsmith</span>, <span class="w">Πάλας</span> <span class="w">1728</span> – <span class="w">Λονδίνο</span> <span class="w">1774</span>).<span class="w">Ιρλανδός</span> <span class="w">συγγραφέας</span><span class="w">και</span> <span class="w">κωμωδιογράφος</span>. <span class="w">Γιος</span> <span class="w">παπά</span>, <span class="w">σπούδασε</span> <span class="w">στο</span> <span class="w">κολέγιο</span> <span class="w">της</span> <span class="w">Αγίας</span> <span class="w">Τριάδας</span> <span class="w">του</span> Δ<span class="w">ουβλίνου</span>, <span class="w">όπου</span> <span class="w">εργαζόταν</span>, <span class="w">για</span> <span class="w">να</span><span class="w">πληρώνει</span> <span class="w">τα</span> <span class="w">δίδακτρα</span>, <span class="w">ως</span> <span class="w">υπηρέτης</span> <span class="w">των</span> <span class="w">καθηγητών</span> <span class="w">και</span> <span class="w">των</span> <span class="w">πλουσιότερων</span> <span class="w">φοιτητών</span>. <span class="w">Όταν</span> <span class="w">πήρε</span> <span class="w">το</span> <span class="w">δίπλωμά</span> <span class="w">του</span>,<span class="w">δεν</span> <span class="w">έβρισκε</span> <span class="w">εργασία</span> <span class="w">και</span> <span class="w">αναγκάστηκε</span> <span class="w">να</span> <span class="w">μεταναστεύσει</span> <span class="w">στην</span> <span class="w">Αμερική</span> <span class="w">για</span> <span class="w">να</span> <span class="w">συνεχίσει</span> <span class="w">τις</span> <span class="w">σπουδές</span> <span class="w">του</span>. <span class="w">Έχοντας</span><span class="w">κουραστεί</span> <span class="w">από</span> <span class="w">τις</span> <span class="w">αποτυχίες</span> <span class="w">του</span>, <span class="w">έφυγε</span> <span class="w">για</span> <span class="w">ταξίδι</span> <span class="w">μελετών</span> <span class="w">στη</span> <span class="w">Γαλλία</span>, <span class="w">στη</span> <span class="w">Γερμανία</span> <span class="w">και</span> <span class="w">στην</span> <span class="w">Ιταλία:</span> <span class="w">διέτρεξε</span> <span class="w">όλη</span><span class="w">την</span> <span class="w">ήπειρο</span> <span class="w">με</span> <span class="w">τα</span> <span class="w">πόδια</span>, <span class="w">παίζοντας</span> <span class="w">φλάουτο</span> <span class="w">για</span> <span class="w">ένα</span> <span class="w">πιάτο</span> <span class="w">φαΐ</span> <span class="w">και</span> <span class="w">ζητώντας</span> <span class="w">άσυλο</span> <span class="w">στα</span> <span class="w">μοναστήρια</span>. <span class="w">Έμεινε</span> <span class="w">πάντα</span><span class="w">ένας</span> <span class="w">αντικομφορμιστής</span> <span class="w">και</span> <span class="w">απροσάρμοστος</span> <span class="w">στην</span> <span class="w">κοινωνική</span> <span class="w">ζωή</span>. <span class="w">Όταν</span> <span class="w">επέστρεψε</span> <span class="w">στο</span> <span class="w">Λονδίνο</span> <span class="w">βρήκε</span> <span class="w">μία</span> <span class="w">θέση</span><span class="w">θυρωρού</span> <span class="w">και</span> <span class="w">άρχισε</span> <span class="w">τη</span> <span class="w">λογοτεχνική</span> <span class="w">δράση</span> <span class="w">του</span>, <span class="w">στην</span> <span class="w">αρχή</span> <span class="w">ανώνυμα:</span> <span class="w">βιβλία</span> <span class="w">για</span> <span class="w">παιδιά</span>, <span class="w">περιλήψεις</span> <span class="w">ρωμαϊκής</span> <span class="w">και</span><span class="w">φυσικής</span> <span class="w">ιστορίας</span>, <span class="w">βιογραφίες</span>. <span class="w">Ανώνυμα</span> <span class="w">επίσης</span> <span class="w">δημοσιεύτηκαν</span> <span class="w">οι</span> <span class="w">κινεζικές</span> <span class="w">επιστολές</span> <span class="w">του</span>, <span class="w">που</span> <span class="w">συγκεντρώθηκαν</span> <span class="w">σε</span><span class="w">τόμο</span> <span class="w">το</span> <span class="w">1762</span> <span class="w">με</span> <span class="w">τον</span> <span class="w">τίτλο</span> <span class="w">Ο</span> <span class="w">πολίτης</span> <span class="w">του</span> <span class="w">κόσμου</span>,<span class="w">σειρά</span> <span class="w">σατιρικών</span> <span class="w">επιστολών</span> <span class="w">για</span> <span class="w">τις</span> <span class="w">αγγλικές</span> <span class="w">συνήθειες</span>. <span class="w">Το</span><span class="w">φιλοσοφικό</span> <span class="w">ποίημα</span> <span class="w">Ο</span> <span class="w">ταξιδιώτης</span> (<span class="w">1764</span>), <span class="w">που</span> <span class="w">δημοσιεύτηκε</span> <span class="w">με</span> <span class="w">το</span> <span class="w">όνομά</span> <span class="w">του</span>, <span class="w">προκάλεσε</span> <span class="w">τον</span> <span class="w">θαυμασμό</span> <span class="w">του</span><span class="w">Σάμουελ</span> <span class="w">Τζόνσον</span>. <span class="w">Το</span> <span class="w">έργο</span> <span class="w">που</span> <span class="w">τον</span> <span class="w">έκανε</span> <span class="w">διάσημο</span> <span class="w">είναι</span> <span class="w">Ο</span> <span class="w">επίσκοπος</span> <span class="w">του</span> <span class="w">Γουέικφιλντ</span> (<span class="w">1766</span>), <span class="w">ένα</span> <span class="w">παράξενο</span> <span class="w">κράμα</span><span class="w">βουκολικής</span> <span class="w">πρόζας</span> <span class="w">και</span> <span class="w">ρεαλιστικού</span>–<span class="w">αισθηματικού</span> <span class="w">μυθιστορήματος</span>. <span class="w">Πλούσια</span> <span class="w">φλέβα</span>, <span class="w">φυσική</span> <span class="w">χάρη</span>, <span class="w">γλυκιά</span><span class="w">μελαγχολία</span> <span class="w">ήταν</span> <span class="w">τα</span> <span class="w">κύρια</span> <span class="w">χαρακτηριστικά</span> <span class="w">του</span> <span class="w">ύφους</span> <span class="w">του</span>. <span class="w">Από</span> <span class="w">τις</span> <span class="w">κωμωδίες</span> <span class="w">του</span> <span class="w">ξεχωρίζει</span> <span class="w">η</span> <span class="w">πεντάπρακτη</span> <span class="w">φάρσα</span><span class="w">Ταπεινώνεται</span> <span class="w">για</span> <span class="w">να</span> <span class="w">κατακτήσει</span> <span class="w">Τα</span> <span class="w">λάθη</span> <span class="w">μιας</span> <span class="w">νύχτας</span>,<span class="w">που</span> <span class="w">ανεβάστηκε</span> <span class="w">το</span> <span class="w">1773</span> <span class="w">με</span> <span class="w">μεγάλη</span> <span class="w">επιτυχία</span> <span class="w">και</span> <span class="w">έρχεται</span> <span class="w">σε</span><span class="w">απόλυτη</span> <span class="w">αντίθεση</span> <span class="w">με</span> <span class="w">τη</span> <span class="w">δακρύβρεχτη</span> <span class="w">αισθηματολογία</span> <span class="w">που</span> <span class="w">ήταν</span> <span class="w">της</span> <span class="w">μόδας</span> <span class="w">την</span> <span class="w">εποχή</span> <span class="w">εκείνη</span>.</p>

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